Real pearls are considered to be timeless pieces of astonishing natural elegance. However, they can sometimes change their original luster and eventually develop a yellow tint. With this, they hope to retain their treasured pieces of jewelry. Why do pearls turn yellow, and can they be restored to their earlier shine? This article examines the root causes of yellowing in pearls, exploring notable phenomena such as the aging process, environmental factors, and improper storage practices. It also guides you toward the necessary care and maintenance required to ensure that these precious gems continue to shine with brilliant beauty for years to come. Whether you are a seasoned collector or a simple explorer in need of some pearl preservation, tucked within this guide are pearls of insight and freelancer tips.
Understanding Real Pearls
Genuine pearls are organic gemstones formed within mollusks-oysters or mussels-when a foreign body enters their shell, producing a gem of natural beauty. To add to its defense mechanism, the mollusk secretes numerous layers of nacre, a mixture of aragonite and conchiolin, with each layer accumulating over time to form the pearl. Genuine pearls can be recognized from imitations with their particular brilliance, scarce surface irregularities, and the weight of an arrangement. Proper care involves wiping with a soft cloth and storing the item away from harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures to maintain its natural beauty and longevity.
Types of Pearls: South Sea and Others
|
Type |
Origin |
Size Range |
Colors |
Shape |
Price Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Akoya |
Japan, China |
2-10mm |
White, Blue |
Round |
$75-$1000+ |
|
Freshwater |
China |
2-15mm |
Pink, White |
Baroque |
$30-$1000+ |
|
Tahitian |
French Polynesia |
8-16mm |
Black, Green |
Round |
$80-$1000+ |
|
South Sea |
Australia, Philippines |
8-20mm |
White, Gold |
Round |
$200-$10,000+ |
|
Sea of Cortez |
Mexico |
8-12mm |
Rainbow |
Baroque |
$200-$10,000+ |
The Anatomy of Real Pearls
Real pearls are formed inside mollusks, such as oysters and mussels. When an irritant, such as a grain of sand or a parasite, becomes trapped within its soft tissues, the mollusk attempts to defend itself. For instance, the oyster covers the irritant with thin layers of nacre, formed of aragonite crystals and conchiolin. Over time, these thin layers crystallize, giving rise to solid pearls with a shiny surface. In essence, the species of mollusk involved, the quality of the water, and the length of the formation process all contribute to the shape, color, and size of the pearl.
Common Myths About Pearls
One common folklore about pearls is their spontaneous formation in nature. Natural pearls do exist; however, most of those created today are cultured, which means they are farmed with human intervention. Another misconception is that all pearls are pure white. Pearls come in all shades, from black to pink, gold, or lavender, depending on the type of mollusk that lays them down and the surrounding environmental factors. Also, another! Some think pearls are so fragile that they dissolve in water. While it is true that one should handle them with care, they are durable and mainly weakened by acidic substances rather than water alone.
Causes of Yellowing in Pearls
Natural Aging Process of Pearls
The pearls undergo the process of natural aging mainly due to variations in nacre composition and deterioration of the structure. Pearls are composed of calcium carbonate arranged in a crystallographic structure, with conchiolin serving as the organic binder for the layers. From time to time, exposure to air, light, and environmental pollutants gradually degrades these materials, resulting in a yellowing of the pearls that is typically associated with advanced aging. Oxidation is considered the primary factor, as the organic compounds of nacre react with oxygen from the atmosphere. From time to time, they also discolor with age, especially when ventilation is restricted and moisture is trapped. Prevention through correct storage in cool, dry places with sufficient ventilation and periodic gentle cleaning can significantly reduce the aging effect and help retain the natural luster of pearls over extended periods.
Environmental Factors Contributing to Yellowing
- Exposure to Oxygen: Upon contact with air, oxidation of organic compounds within the nacre occurs, thus causing discoloration.
- Humidity and Moisture: High levels of humidity or trapped moisture encourage chemical reactions that result in yellowing.
- Light Exposure: Considerable exposure to direct sunlight or intense artificial light can accelerate the degradation of organic materials, leading to discoloration.
- Temperature Fluctuations: Very high, very low, or fluctuating temperatures weaken the structure of nacre, aiding in aging and yellowing.
- Pollutants and Contaminants: Pearls reacting chemically with surface contaminants, such as chemicals or perfumes, can become discolored or lose their luster.
- Improper Storage: Keeping pearls in tight spaces with little ventilation exacerbates the effects of trapped moisture and pollutant exposure, leading to discoloration and yellowing.
Impact of Improper Storage on Pearl Color
Improper storage is said to significantly influence the color of pearls, causing a gradual loss of their natural luster and discoloration. Whites exposed to high heat or under direct sunlight fade away, while, in sealed or poorly ventilated conditions, moisture build-up precipitates in yellowing over time. They may store their pearls near any material that turns out to be chemical-free, such as plastics, to further degrade their surface and alter their appearance. For a beautiful and original color, pearls should be stored in a cool, dry, and ventilated place away from sunlight and harmful substances.
Preventive Measures and Maintenance Tips
Best Practices for Wearing Your Pearls
While polishing is an art, wearing pearls is more of a science; thus, there are some necessary precautions. Pearls, being organic gems, are very sensitive to chemicals, perspiration, and climatic conditions. Ensure your skin is free of lotions and perfumes before dressing in pearl jewelry. Some beauty products may contain substances that are harmful to pearls, such as alcohol or acidic compounds. These can eat away at the nacre, causing dullness or discoloration over time.
Pearls should be the last to be put on while dressing and the very first to be taken off after use to minimize most wear and tear. Their sensitive surface can be scratched when in direct contact with abrasive materials, such as cloth or metal jewelry. Additionally, pearls should not be worn in hot or humid conditions, as this can lead to the decay of their organic layers. However, if care instructions are to be believed, regular wearing of pearls is beneficial as the oils from your skin help maintain the shine on them. In any case, pearls should be cleaned occasionally with a soft, damp cloth to wipe off any residue.
Data prove that pearls may also be degraded if exposed for a long time to environmental pollution or chlorinated water; therefore, prolonged exposure of pearls to such elements should be strictly avoided. Always remove your pearls before swimming, exercising, or engaging in any activity that involves chemicals. Another step in supporting the good care of pearls will increase their lifespan.
Recommended Cleaning Solutions for Pearls
Cleaning pearls requires gentle, non-abrasive chemicals to protect their delicate surface. One highly recommended method of cleaning is to dip pearls in a solution of lukewarm water with a few drops of mild, pH-balanced soap. It will dissolve all the dirt or residue accumulated without damaging the nacre.
Harsh household cleaners, bleach, or ammonia-based products can dissolve the lustrous coating of pearls and cause irreversible harm, and must hence be avoided. If the stains refuse to come off with the harsh soap solution, a soft, clean cloth dampened with the solution can be used to wipe away the stains gently. Use a soft touch to wipe each pearl individually without a rubber friction from abrasive materials. Rinse and wash with clean water and dry with a non-abrasive microfiber or jewelry cloth.
If deeper cleaning is required, investing in a pearl-safe cleaning solution beyond the scope of ordinary care for organic gemstones can be beneficial. These cleaning solutions work to preserve the natural beauty and integrity of pearls. One might also consider having regular check-ups and professional cleaning by a competent jeweler when dealing with high-grade pearl strands or prized heirlooms to stave off potential damage and maximize their longevity.
Care Tips to Avoid Pearl Yellowing
- Store Properly: Keep pearls in a soft pouch or a separate compartment to prevent scratches. Exposure to sunlight may eventually impart yellowing.
- Avoid Chemicals: Limit the exposure of perfumes, hairsprays, and disinfectants to pearls, as these chemicals harm the surface of the pearl.
- Wear Regularly: Pearls, being in contact with human body moisture, require scent maintenance and protection from moisture-related luster loss to prevent drying.
- Gently Clean: After every occasion of wear, gently wipe the pearls with a damp, lint-free cloth to remove dirt, oils, or residue.
- Check Storage Conditions: Ensure that the pearl storage areas are never too dry, as excessive dryness can promote yellowing. Maintaining proper humidity through a controlled environment is favorable.
Restoration Options for Yellowed Pearls
DIY Methods for Cleaning Yellowed Pearls
- Use the Mild Soap Solution: Add a small amount of gentle, pH-balanced soap to the lukewarm water. Dip lightly with a clean, soft cloth and neatly wipe the pearls. Never soak the pearls, as prolonged exposure to water can damage the nacre.
- Rinse Carefully: After cleaning the pearls, use a new, soft cloth dampened with fresh water to wipe away any soap residue. Enjoying direct water splashes is short of harming the surface of the pearls.
- Dry Thoroughly: Rub the pearls dry with a lint-free cloth. These should be completely dry before storage to prevent moisture from building up and damaging the pearls.
- Avoid Abrasive Materials: Never use abrasive cleaners, brushes, or ultrasonic cleaners on pearls, as these can scratch or damage their delicate surfaces.
When to Seek Professional Restoration Services
There are instances where professional restoration services are necessary to maintain both the integrity and appearance of your pearls. Pearls can start to discolor, crack, and lose their luster due to the oils from one's skin, the use of aerosols or makeup, and air laden with pollutants. If you do notice any such problem, professional intervention is necessary to restore its glory. Furthermore, restringing pearls may be considered when the silk thread holding them begins to fray or weaken. Experts generally recommend restringing pearls every one to two years, especially if they are worn frequently.
Professional restoration services utilize tools and techniques that can clean and polish pearls in ways that would otherwise risk damage, thereby removing even the most stubborn stains, caring for microscopic surface scratches, and restoring vintage or heirloom jewelry. According to the experts at a jewelry restoration firm, a thorough inspection conducted by a professional can identify the early onset of troubles that prevent pearl accessories from achieving longevity. Finding a skilled and reliable professional is crucial in safeguarding fragile and valuable treasures like these.
Expert Tips on Restoring Luster to Yellow Pearls
- Clean Gently: Use lukewarm water mixed with a gentle soap to clean yellowing pearls. Dip a soft cloth into the solution and gently wipe the pearls with it. Then, use another dry cloth to dry them. Never soak pearls, as that will weaken the silk thread.
- Avoid Abrasive Products: Harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaning, or abrasive materials can damage the nacre; therefore, refrain from using them.
- Exposure to Indirect Light: For short washes, pearls may slowly reclaim some of their luster and whiteness through exposure to indirect light. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as it can cause the pearls to fade.
- Seek Professional Restoration: When confronted with severely yellowed pearls, seek the help of a professional jeweler for pearl restoration. They may employ techniques such as professional cleaning or restringing to restore the pearls' appearance.
Keeping Your Pearls Radiant
Practical Advice for Pearl Care
- Store Pearls Properly: Pearls should be kept separate in a jewelry box lined with soft material or a pouch to prevent scratches when they come into contact with harder materials. Keep them away from other types of jewelry that might scratch or damage their surface.
- Clean After Each Use: Remove body oils, sweat, or any dust from the pearls after wearing them by lightly wiping them with a soft, damp cloth. This preserves their natural shine.
- Avoid Chemicals: Keep pearls away from perfumes, hairsprays, cosmetics, or cleaning solutions; these can wear down the nacre and reduce their brilliance.
- Wear Regularly: Everyday use keeps pearls moist, preventing them from drying out, with body oils being a major contributor to their shine.
- Inspect and Restring Periodically: Regularly inspect the string and knots for integrity. Have your pearls restrung professionally every two years, as occasioned by frequent use. Always use knotting between each pearl to minimize loss following a break.
Recommendations for Long-Term Pearl Maintenance
In long-term care for pearls, I focus on storing them in a soft, breathable pouch to avoid scratches and maintain the pearls' natural moisture. I keep them away from harsh chemicals, perfumes, and cosmetics, and I sometimes wear them so that some natural body oils may get on them. Additionally, I monitor any signs of wear on the string, and every two years or sooner, as needed, I have them professionally restrung, with knots tied between each pearl. These measures maintain their luster and integrity over time.
Final Thoughts on Real Pearls and Their Care
Care for real pearls requires regular attentiveness and knowledge about their tender properties. Mainly consisting of calcium carbonate, pearls become damaged by exposure to acids, heat, and dryness, especially in the case of akoya pearls. Studies have shown that being subjected to an environment of low humidity will eventually cause them to crack or discolor. Ideally, pearls should be stored in a soft cloth or pouch away from direct sunlight or materials that might scratch their surface.
Pearls must also be worn regularly, although one should avoid situations where the pearls could be exposed to sweat and excessive friction, to maintain natural hydration through contact with body oils. Renowned authorities recommend restringing pearls once or twice a year if they are worn frequently to minimize the risk of sudden strand breakage. They recommend cleaning pearls with mild soap solutions specifically designed for jewelry; otherwise, using any household cleaner will strip away the layers of nacre and dull their iridescence. Such consistent care practices will go a long way in extending the life and beauty of real pearls.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Do real pearls turn yellow over time?
A: Yes, real pearls do turn yellow due to certain factors like oxidation or being exposed to ambient air and moisture, maybe the skin's natural oils. Proper care and maintenance help preserve their natural lustre.
Q: What causes pearl yellowing?
A: Pearl yellowing may occur by exposure to certain chemicals, perspiration, or the accumulation of dirt. Additionally, storing pearls in the wrong place or failing to clean them on time will accelerate the process of yellowing.
Q: How can I clean pearls that have yellowed?
A: To clean pearls that have yellowed, gently wipe the surface with a damp cloth and mild soap. Harsh chemicals or abrasive materials would, however, harm the nacre and dull the pearls' appearance.
Q: What are some of the best ways to clean pearl jewellery?
A: One way to clean pearl jewelry is to gently wipe the pearls with a soft cloth after wearing them. Occasionally, they may also be cleaned more thoroughly using mild soapy water. Always ensure pearls are completely dry before storage.
Q: Can perfume or hairspray cause pearls to turn yellow?
A: Yes, perfume and hairspray may contain chemicals capable of yellowing pearls. So, choose to apply these things before wearing the pearl necklace!
Q: How shall I keep my pearls from turning yellow?
A: Store your pearls in an airtight box away from direct sunlight and humidity. Keeping them cool and dry helps prevent oxidation and maintains their beautiful white look.
Q: What are some care tips when wearing pearls?
A: When wearing pearls, always treat them with care and keep them away from harsh chemicals. Avoid wearing pearls before applying makeup and perfume, and always clean them with a damp cloth after every wear.
Q: Do freshwater pearls also turn yellow just like South Sea?
A: Yes, freshwater pearls do turn yellow just like the South Sea pearls. The yellowing process is relatively consistent across different types of pearls, and it varies depending on factors such as exposure to air, moisture, and the natural oils of the skin.
Q: How are my pearls kept bright and shining?
A: To keep your pearls bright and lustrous, regular cleaning with a soft, damp cloth, do not store them in plastic bags, and avoid exposure to direct sunlight and harsh chemicals are necessary. These measures will prolong their life, which greatly helps.
Q: Can I wash my pearl jewellery with harsh chemicals?
A: Never wash your pearl jewelry using harsh chemicals, as they will damage the nacre and cause yellowing of pearls. Instead, use mild soap together with a soft cloth to clean them without harm.
Reference Sources
Gemological Institute of America (GIA): Pearls Forever Fashionable - The article highlights natural variations in pearl colors, including the yellow hue.
